numbered pages were reported as in Division 2. Baine, Rodney M. 1995. of justice and legality of claims of ownership need not be addressed in this transcription. film quality, handwriting interpretation questions and inconsistent counting and page numbering number of slaves they held and the first census page on which they were listed. [2][3], Originally part of the Mississippi Territory, the Alabama Territory was formed in 1817. Hal's Lake lies deep in Clarke County, near the community of Carlton, just north of where the Tombigbee and Alabama rivers converge. Recent speculation about the location of the ship has brought national attention to issues in Africatown, such as its lawsuit against an industrial plant for generating cancer-causing pollution. Though the census schedules speak in terms of slave owners, the genealogically-related site on the Internet. But their story is also the story of all the Africans who arrived through the slave trade We see the unity, the strong bond between the people who were on slave ships, and the link also to their families back home that was never broken in peoples mind.. African-American Civil War Soldiers & Sailors, 1850 Lawrence County, Alabama Slave Census, 1870 Federal Census, Black Households, Perry County, Register of Slaves Brought into Perry County, 1832, Marriage Records Index Colored Wilcox County 1873-1877, A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z, Ocmulgee Church (Baptist) Black and Slave Members, 1850 Federal Census, Mortality Schedule, Lowndes County, Your email address will not be published. The defense of slavery played a significant role in Alabama's, As of statehood in 1819, slaves accounted for more than 30 percent of Alabama's approximately 128,000 inhabitants. Download 1860 slave census schedule from Monroe County, Alabama. out of 7,000 free persons, held 20-30% of the total number of slaves in the U.S. In the agricultural industry, this most often took the form of a contract labor system known as sharecropping where black farmers rented land from white landowners and paid with their labor and crops. These circumstances reduced the physical distance between owners and slaves and sometimes forged temporary bonds of loyalty based upon a shared experience as farm laborers. 1860 slave census schedule from Monroe County, Alabama. Please, add your favorite Website(s) to this page! Where did the freed slaves go who did not stay in this county? WIKITREE PROTECTS MOST SENSITIVE INFORMATION BUT ONLY TO THE EXTENT STATED IN THE TERMS OF SERVICE AND PRIVACY POLICY. This collection of interviews stands in contrast to other slave narratives that appear in most literature anthologies which were written by the rare few who, against staggering odds, had become literate. County population included 7,215 whites, 6 free colored and 8,085 slaves. The wreckage was still visible at low tide for a few decades, yet remains elusive today. New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S., Slave Manifests, 1807-1860. This is a category for those who held slaves in this county. Locate every ancestor and relative in every census in which they were alive (to the extent possible). Though an 1807 law banned the trans-Atlantic slave trade to the United States as of 1 January 1808, slaves could still be bought and sold (and transported) within the country. Antonia Leonard is an education expert who has dedicated her life to helping students achieve their academic goals. occurred.] 1860 slave census schedule from Monroe County, Alabama. Most people in Madison County did not want to secede from the rest of the United States, however, a majority of Alabama counties voted to secede. The slavery categories exist to help with tracking the genealogy and family history of pre-Civil War era slaves. (6,400%). Slaveowners used a variety of punishments to discipline and dominate slaves. [8] Most Native American tribes were completely removed from the state within a few years of the passage of the Indian Removal Act by Congress in 1830. Numbers, Facts and Trends Shaping Your World. What was the largest plantation in Alabama? Alabama's antebellum-era slave codes were replaced by a postbellum social and legal system of separating citizens on the basis of race that remained intact through the mid-twentieth century. Clarke County Sheriff DeWayne Smith said his agency is assisting with the investigation. This transcription lists the names of those largest slaveholders in the County, the The state legislature conscripted soldiers and appropriated several million dollars for military operations and for the support of the families of soldiers. Before presuming an African American was a For most black Americans descended from enslaved Africans, theres no way of tracing back where their ancestors came from. Start with the 1940 Census and work your way backwards. Formation of the State. For, 37 Slaves, Page 269B, WHITE, M., Va. [from Virginia? 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FORMAT. Twice a week we compile our most fascinating features and deliver them straight to you. Slaves were most often beaten for working too slowly, stealing, running away, and disobeying owners or overseers. CONTENT MAY BE COPYRIGHTED BY WIKITREE COMMUNITY MEMBERS. Category: Clarke County, Alabama, Slavery, Slaves of William Armistead, Clarke County, Alabama. SOURCES. The Ancient East, specifically China and India, didnt adopt the practice of slavery until much later, as late as the Qin Dynasty in 221 BC. It all happened at the 61Ninety West apartments just before . Since the U.S. government was not in effective control of many of these territories until later in the war, many of these slaves proclaimed to be free by the Emancipation Proclamation were still held in servitude until those areas came back under Union control. transcriber has chosen to use the term slaveholder rather than slave owner, so that questions Published information giving names of slaveholders and numbers of slaves held in Lawrence County, Alabama, in 1860, is either non-existent or not readily available. Where did the freed slaves go who did not stay in this county? population decreased about 10% to 7,253. These developments have brought more attention to Clotilda survivors as well as to African Town, the community they built for themselves in Alabama. The captives were marched to the coast, often enduring long journeys of weeks or even months, shackled to one another. Some of these former slaves may have How Safe Is Mississippi State University? Thanks from all of us at 545,000 (17%); Texas, up 70,000 (38%); North Carolina, up 31,000 (8%); Florida, up 27,000 (Credit: Ben Raines/Al.com via AP), Even though slavery was still legal in 1860, the international slave trade was not, and hadnt been since 1808. MOBILE, Ala. ( WALA) -19-year-old Xavier Dixon didn't say a word while being escorted to metro jail after a murder in broad daylight. Instead, place individual profiles into the category corresponding to the county of Alabama where they held enslaved persons. After 148 years, Mississippi finally ratifies 13th Amendment, which banned slavery. And when they were interviewed, their wish was for the interviewers to give their African names, their original names, so that if the story could ever go to Africa, their families would know that they were still alive.. Taken from The American Slave: A Composite Autobiography, this collection is the most complete available picture of the African-American slavery experience. Florida Agricultural And Mechanical University, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Massachusetts Institute Of Technology (Mit), Missouri University Of Science And Technology, State University Of New York Health Science Center At Brooklyn, Suny College Of Environmental Science And Forestry, The University Of North Carolina At Charlotte, The University Of Texas Health Science Center At Houston, The University Of Texas Health Science Center At San Antonio, The University Of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University Of Texas Medical Branch At Galveston, The University Of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Uniformed Services University Of The Health Sciences, University At Buffalo Suny School Of Engineering And Applied Sciences, University Of California, Los Angeles (Ucla), University Of Illinois At Urbana Champaign, University Of Maryland Baltimore County (Umbc), University Of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester, University Of Tennessee Health Science Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. List of plantations in Alabama. Why Did Mississippi Ratify The 13Th Amendment In 1995? Plantation names were not shown on the census. Compared to their white counterparts, slave families had more mother-headed households and were less patriarchal, and their typical lack of status and property undermined expressions of male authority. Est., John F. Johnston for, 62 Slaves, Page 269, COLEMAN, Daniel Est., W. R. Christopher for, 78 Slaves, Page 272B, HOUSTON, G. S., Athens Ala., 65 Slaves, Page 254, JONES, P.? Slavery had been theoretically abolished by President Abraham Lincoln 's Emancipation Proclamation which proclaimed, in 1863, that only slaves located in territories that were in rebellion from the United States were free. enumerated by County in 1860 and included 393,975 named persons holding 3,950,546 unnamed Freed slaves, if listed in the next census, in 1870, would have The county had numerous forts, built by settlers for protection during the Creek War (1813-1814). 2008 - 2022 INTERESTING.COM, INC. slaves, or an average of about ten slaves per holder. The Clotildasailed to a West African port now located in the country of Benin. The slavery categories exist to help with tracking the genealogy and family history of pre-Civil War era slaves. Where did Kirkwood Plantation Home. Between 1860 and 1870, The District of Selma for the Freedmen's Bureau contain records for Bibb, Dallas, Perry, and Wilcox counties in Alabama. GulfQuest Museum hosts exhibit exploring transatlantic slave . It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts. We have modeled this center much like we have for Native Americans, whose research can also be hampered by the available records. (Credit: Jeffrey Greenberg/UIG via Getty Images), They decided that if you wont send us home, well build Africa here in Alabama, says Robert Battles, Sr., former executive director of the Historic Africatown Welcome Center. In May 2018, Harper Collins published Zora Neale Hurstons lost interview with Cudjo Lewis, the last survivor of the ship, who died in 1935. If found, the Clotilda would be the only ship from the U.S. slave trade ever recovered. IMPORTANT PRIVACY NOTICE & DISCLAIMER: YOU HAVE A RESPONSIBILITY TO USE CAUTION WHEN DISTRIBUTING PRIVATE INFORMATION. Following the patenting of the cotton gin (in 1793), the War of 1812, and the defeat and expulsion of the Creek Nation in the 1810s, European-American settlement in Alabama was intensified, as was the presence of slavery on newly established plantations in the territory. searchable and highly recommended database found at http://fisher.lib.virginia.edu/census/ . By the 1870 census, [These figures do not consider the affect of any County boundary changes that may have have still been living in the same State or County. I tookee good keer my slaves and derefo I doan owe dem nothin.. Though the census schedules speak in terms of slave owners, the The 1860 U.S. Census Slave Schedules for Clarke County, Alabama (NARA microfilm series M653, Roll 28) reportedly includes a total of 7,436 slaves. The actual number of slaveholders may be personally to verify or modify the information in this transcription for their own purposes. The African slave trade was first brought to Alabama when the region was part of the French Louisiana Colony. They hoed potatoes and tobacco, but Rev. The term County is used to describe the main The Macon County Alabama Slave Narratives were excerpted from "Shadow of the Plantation" by Charles S. Johnson. A man looking at a gravestone for Cudjo Lewis in the cemetery at the Africa Town Welcome Center. Slaves occasionally physically attacked their owners or overseers. Most enslaved persons coming to Alabama did so through the domestic slave trade, meaning they traveled from other states into Alabama rather than coming from outside the United States. been using the surname of their 1860 slaveholder at the time of the 1870 census and they may PURPOSE. About Us | Contact Us | Copyright | Report Inappropriate Material This (6,400%). There are several plantation homes in Alabama that have survived for nearly 200 years and Ive listed 10 of them below. The schooner Clotilda smuggled African captives into the U.S. in 1860, more than 50 years after importing slaves was outlawed. There is simply no other historical document quite like it. From 1798 to 1819, a steady influx of Europeans and African slaves accompanied by their owners settled on land formerly occupied by several Native American tribes. [8][9] Part of the frontier in the 1820s and 1830s, its constitution provided for universal suffrage for white men. about 1 in 70 being a slaveholder. the Alabama colored population increased by 37,000, to 475,000, a 17% increase. Slave families also lacked the institutional and legal rights and protections of white families. You should use the same slave schedules to search for slave owners in Wilcox County AL. Surrounded by cane brake, it was an ideal place to live undetected. Alabama was one of the first seven states to withdraw from the Union prior to the American Civil War. [13][10] Cotton made up over half of US exports at the time, and southern plantations produced three-fourths of the global cotton supply.[14]. Were there slaves in Huntsville Alabama? (+1) 202-857-8562 | Fax Court Records Free Reference and Directory), Clarke County, Alabama, Circuit Court case files, 1811-1902, Large Slaveholders of 1860 and African American Surname Matches from 1870), United States Census (Slave Schedule), 1850, Alabama Wills and Probate Records, 1753-1999, Clarke County, Alabama, estate case files, 1810-1915, Histopolis Collaborative Genealogy & History), Cyndi's List of Genealogy Sites on the Internet), Bureau of Land Management, General Land Office), U.S. General Land Office Records, 1796-1907, Clarke County Alabama Genealogical Network, Clarke County Alabama history, culture and life, USGS Geographic Names Information System), Abstracts of marriages, deeds, court records, tract books and orphans court minutes, Genealogical Publishing Company and Clearfield Company), Alabama Civil War and Reconstruction Newspapers, Alabama Department of Archives & History), American Memory from the Library of Congress), Clarke County, Alabama, poll tax record book, 1897-1914, Philadelphia Architects and Buildings Project), mindat.org - the mineral and locality database). Parker's slaves "were. Alabama freedpeople welcomed emancipation but endured continuing hardships because of the prevailing and pervasive racial prejudices of the state's white inhabitants. 2009. [11][12], By 1861 nearly 45% of the population of Alabama were slaves, and slave plantation agriculture was the center of the Alabama economy. Join To Live : https://www.youtube.com/redirect?q=https://bit.ly/3WFccXXLive Game : Blacksher Vs. Clarke County - Girls Basketball Alabama 1/17/2023The Clark. Originally named Kossula, he was only 19 years old when members of the Dahomean kingdom captured him and brought him to the coast for sale. Slavery Records Slavery News Obituary of NANCY, a slave (1859) HOME Genealogy Trails 2023 2023 See the Heritage Exchange Portal for more information on how to document slaves and slave owners. surnames of the holders with information on numbers of African Americans on the 1870 census personally to verify or modify the information in this transcription for their own purposes. They were saying that they knew that their families in Africa had been looking for them, Diouf says. The family was a fundamental survival mechanism that helped slaves cope with the horrors of their circumstances. Nonetheless, the 1852 Alabama Slave Code made the voluntary manslaughter of a white person by a slave a capital offense. Home > USA > Alabama > Clarke County > Census Records and Indexes. Genealogical techniques used to track slave families before the Civil War are necessarily quite different than those used for white or free African Americans. United States Census (Slave Schedule), 1850, 1930 United States Census on Internet Archive), National Archives Official 1940 Census Website, U. S. National Archives & Records Administration). Like its neighbors, the Alabama Territory was fertile ground for the surging cotton crop, and soon became one of the major destinations for African-American slaves who were being shipped to the Southeastern United States. The last U.S. census slave schedules were There were. The 1860 U.S. Census Slave Schedules for Limestone County, Alabama (NARA microfilm series M653, Roll 31) reportedly includes a total of 8,085 slaves. The majority of slave children were raised by their mothers andto a lesser extenttheir fathers. Census data for 1860 Learn more. The slave population more than doubled during the 1820s and again during the 1830s. Slaves were punished by whipping, shackling, hanging, beating, burning, mutilation, branding, rape, and imprisonment. Their exact status, whether free or enslaved, remains disputed. Smith said the truck belonged to a Grove Hill man, 41-year-old Richard Stephen Gilpin. This is a list of plantations and/or plantation houses in the U.S. state of Alabama that are National Historic Landmarks, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, listed on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage, or are otherwise significant for their history, association with significant events or people, or their architecture and design. Slave Narratives Linkpendium's goal is to index every genealogy, geneology, :) family history, . Who brought the first Africans to Alabama? There were roughly 110 African children, teenagers, and young adults on board the Clotilda when it arrived in Alabama in 1860, just one year before the Civil War. When Alabama seceded from the Union in 1861, the state's 435,080 slaves made up 45 percent of the total population. The largest numbers of slaves were held in bondage in counties located in either the Tennessee River Valley or the, Alabama gained statehood during a period when. . When news of emancipation reached this group in 1865, the first thing they wanted to do was to go back home, Diouf says. was listed as having 28,884 whites, about a four fold increase, but the 1960 total of 7,620 Enter your email address to subscribe to this website and receive notifications of new posts by email. on the "Add your favorite Website(s) to this page" link. States that saw significant increases in What Is The Oldest School In Mississippi? Census data on African Americans in the 1870 census was obtained using Heritage Quests CD The rest of the slaves in the County were held by a This database provides a more poignant picture of what it was to live as a slave in the American South. Its the best documented story of the entire slave trade, not only to the U.S., but to the Americas, says historian Sylviane A. Diouf, author of Dreams of Africa in Alabama: The Slave Ship Clotilda and the Story of the Last Africans Brought to America. family tree, surname, vital records, biography, or otherwise slaveholders with 1870 African Americans is intended merely as suggesting another possibility for Most antebellum slaves lived in so-called nuclear families (father, mother, and children). subdivisions of the State by which the census was enumerated. There, the captain bought people from the Benin region like Cudjo Lewis. American Cross Race Genealogy Research See the Heritage Exchange Portal for more information on how to document slaves and slave owners. Most people in Madison County did not want to secede from the rest of the United States, however, a majority of Alabama counties voted to secede. Slaves were enumerated in 1860 without giving their names, only their sex and age It is possible to locate an ancestor on a U.S. census for 1860 or earlier and the time of the source, with African American being used otherwise. Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. Theres also no way of discovering, as Malcolm Xemphasized, their true family name. The slave trade ripped families apart, and records from slave ships and plantations often identified enslaved people with multiple or incomplete names. been reported with their full name, including surname. This page and its subpages contain 246 links. was listed as having 28,884 whites, about a four fold increase, but the 1960 total of 7,620 [These figures do not consider the affect of any County boundary changes that may have Profiles are placed in this category with this text [[Category:Alabama, Slavery]] . Those bonds, however, did not change the fact that a slave was considered property. 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