Should the detention be overturned, the defendant has the right to request compensation. Coercion in Population Control: There were no reports of coerced abortion or involuntary sterilization. Some of those arrested, reported being brutalized. On September 8, several leaders were prevented from marching in Constantine. )20.4% of GDP (2016 est. )from consumed natural gas: 93.414 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. Half of the lunch hour is considered compensated working time. As a result, Algeria was divided into three Constantine, and Oran, after their capitals. Opposition parties from across the political spectrum criticized the new law for creating a more complex process for qualifying for the ballot, as well as for establishing an electoral monitoring body whose members would be appointed by the president and parliament, which is controlled by a coalition headed by the presidents party. The law defines defamation as any allegation or imputation of a fact offending the honor or consideration of a person, or of the body to which the fact is imputed. The law does not require that the fact alleged or imputed be false or that the statement be made with malicious intent to damage another individuals reputation. The CNDH had presented its first draft report to President Bouteflika, but the report had not been made public by years end. change, in 1984, the new subdivisions were called wilayas. )imports of goods and services: -35.8% (2017 est. In September 2017 Algerian National Front party leader Moussa Touati stated that his party paid bribes in order to secure its single seat in parliament. The law also stipulates the collection of resources from contributions by the partys members, donations, and revenue from its activities, in addition to possible state funding. According to the International Telecommunication Union, 45 percent of the population used the internet in 2017. The judiciary was not impartial and was perceived by some observers to be subject to influence and corruption. Local elections took place in November 2021. The law permits polygamy only upon the agreement of the previous and future wife, and the determination of a judge as to the husbands financial ability to support an additional wife. ), Algerian dinars (DZD) per US dollar -135.064 (2021 est. Arbitrary Arrest: Although the law prohibits arbitrary arrest and detention, authorities sometimes used vaguely worded provisions, such as inciting an unarmed gathering and insulting a government body, to arrest and detain individuals considered to be disturbing public order or criticizing the government. In addition, some religious elements advocated restrictions on womens behavior, including freedom of movement. Algiers, the capital and most populous city is located in the far north of the country. Media reporting and public opinion viewed the absence of charges against the most senior of government officials as an indication of impunity for government officials. By law workers may strike only after 14 days of mandatory conciliation or mediation. The remote location of the camps and lack of government presence resulted in a lack of access by police and courts. Security forces routinely detained individuals who participated in unauthorized protests. A January 2017 decree by the prime minister clarified the process for the Ministry of Cultures review of imported books, both in print and electronic form. Press and Media Freedom: The National Agency for Publishing and Advertising (ANEP) controls public advertising for print media. Other Algerians headed to Europe seeking asylum, although France imposed restrictions. A ban on demonstrations in Algiers remained in effect. Members of the LGBTI community reported that forced marriage was a problem, particularly for lesbian women. ), 151.633 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. codes were assigned to those departments whose names had changed. Leaders of womens organizations reported that discrimination was common and women were less likely to receive equal pay for equal work or promotions. ), women married by age 15: 0%women married by age 18: 3.8% (2019 est. Sexual Harassment: The punishment for sexual harassment is one to two years imprisonment and a fine of DZD 50,000 to DZD 100,000 ($425 to $850); the punishment doubles for a second offense. Censorship or Content Restrictions: Some major news outlets faced direct and indirect retaliation for criticism of the government. List of Algerian provinces by area This article has been translated from the The province and its total petroleum system coincide with the Illizi Basin. )crude oil and lease condensate exports: 633,500 bbl/day (2018 est. )biomass and waste: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Last Updated: March 27, 2018 You are about to leave travel.state.gov for an external website that is not maintained by the U.S. Department of State. A national committee is responsible for monitoring and publishing an annual report on the rights of children. The constitution provides for freedom of internal movement, foreign travel, emigration, and repatriation, but the government restricted the exercise of this right. Amnesty International maintained an office and actively reported on human rights issues, but it did not receive official authorization to operate from the Ministry of Interior. The law requires that a minimum level of essential public services must be maintained during public-sector service strikes, and the government has broad legal authority to requisition public employees. ICRC staff visited prisons, and police and gendarme stations under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Justice, and an administrative detention center operated by the Ministry of Interior. Tamanrasset Algerian state of Arab, its capital is the city of Tamanrasset, occupies the first place among the states of Algeria in The government generally cooperated with the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and other humanitarian organizations in providing protection and assistance to refugees, asylum seekers, and other persons of concern. In the years following independence, low-skilled Algerian workers and Algerians who had supported the French (known as Harkis) emigrated en masse to France. civil territories grew at the expense of the military territories. )agricultural: 6.671 billion cubic meters (2017 est. A tripartite social pact among business, government, and the official union established the national minimum wage of DZD 18,000 ($153) per month in 2012. Some media figures alleged the government used its control over most printing houses and large amounts of public sector advertising preferentially, and that the lack of clear regulations over these practices permitted it to exert undue influence on press outlets. LGBTI status is not, in itself, criminalized; however, LGBTI persons may face criminal prosecution under legal provisions concerning prostitution, public indecency, and associating with bad characters. Administration: Authorities conducted investigations into allegations of mistreatment and took administrative actions against officers it deemed to have committed abuses. 1958-03-17: Sada department created by taking parts of Oran, Saoura, and Tiaret departments. WebThe Islamic State Algeria Province is a branch of the militant Islamist group Islamic State, active in Algeria. )other: 81.8% (2018 est. now more prevalent in English (and French). Press reported 107 protestors were injured along with 51 police and gendarmes. The law also bans political party ties to nonpolitical associations and regulates party financing and reporting requirements. Since the subdivision The government supported the countrys Network for the Defense of Childrens Rights (NADA). ), total: 3,790,459 (2020 est. provinces, with external capitals Alger, Constantine, and Oran. Nongovernmental observers believed pretrial detainees comprised a significant portion of the total detainee and prisoner population but did not have specific statistics. ), urban population: 75.3% of total population (2023)rate of urbanization: 1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est. The Ministry of National Solidarity, Family, and Women leads a national committee composed of 12 ministries and NGOs that meets yearly to discuss child labor issues. When Algeria was under French administration, the official division names were in French. islands in the harbor (now connected to the mainland by jetties). FIS membership is illegal. Additionally, the law prescribes up to 20-year imprisonment for the accused, depending on the severity of injuries. There were isolated reports that children were subjected to commercial sexual exploitation. alterations - were consolidated into a unit called Territoires du Sud. )$496.547 billion (2019 est. The first two digits are the same as the two-digit ISO Hydrocarbons have long been the backbone of the economy, accounting for roughly 30% of GDP, 60% of budget revenues, and nearly 95% of export earnings. The constitution provides for the right of peaceful assembly, but the government continued to curtail this right. The law criminalizes public indecency and consensual same-sex sexual relations between adult men or women, with penalties that include imprisonment of six months to three years and a fine of DZD 1,000 to DZD 10,000 ($8.50 to $85). The governments lack of transparency over its use of state-funded advertising, however, permitted it to exert undue influence over print media. The NGOs reported harassment and threats of imprisonment by government authorities. During the year authorities blocked LGBTI NGOs from organizing meetings. By law ISPs face criminal penalties for the material and websites they host, especially if subject matters are incompatible with morality or public opinion. The Ministries of Justice, Interior, and Post, Information Technology, and Communication have oversight responsibilities. St. Martin's Press, New York, 1981. Coordinator for the Arctic Region, Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources, Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization, Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance, Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation, Under Secretary for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights, Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration, Office of International Religious Freedom, Office of the Special Envoy To Monitor and Combat Antisemitism, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Under Secretary for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment, Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, Office of the Science and Technology Adviser, Bureau of the Comptroller and Global Financial Services, Bureau of Information Resource Management, Office of Management Strategy and Solutions, Bureau of International Organization Affairs, Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs, Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs, U.S. )116.594 (2018 est. which in turn were subdivided into communes. The Ministry authorized the import of only 350 copies ofJeune Afriquefor delivery to various institutions. translate the Arabic "baladiyah," but they're essentially the same thing.). Twelve new arrondissements created, making a total of 32. The government continued to deny recognition to the General Autonomous Confederation of Workers in Algeria (CGATA), an independent trade union confederation that includes public and economic sector unions and committees. The law provides for sentences of one to 20 years imprisonment for domestic violence and six months to two years incarceration for men who withhold property or financial resources from their spouses. into the entities shown in this table (dep = department, div = division, arr = arrondissement, sub = subdivision). departments and one territory. 1957-05-20: Thirty-four new arrondissements were created. made the national language. Official assert that the law covers LGBTI individuals through general civil and human rights legislation. The committee brought together various government and civil society actors to discuss implementation of the national strategy to combat HIV/AIDS. Sub-Saharan African migrants came to Algeria after its civil war to work in agriculture and mining. According to the International Organization for Migration (IOM), the government repatriated 35,113 Nigeriens (including 16,478 women and children) from December to August, pursuant to a bilateral agreement at the request of the Nigerien government. These observers, among others, pointed to the law as a significant source of arbitrary arrests intended to suppress political activism. Many persons with disabilities faced challenges in voting due to voting centers that lacked accessible features. As time went by, the Algeria's economy remains dominated by the state, a legacy of the country's socialist post-independence development model. Family connections and status of the parties involved influenced decisions. The new law also eliminated gender quotas in Parliament, and the June 2021 legislative elections saw female representation plummet. Chitour has been detained in El Harrach prison since then without trial and faces life imprisonment if convicted. According to NADA, while there are fewer cases of reported kidnapping, instances of child abuse and exploitation have increased. Authorities have been holding journalist, Said Chitour, in pretrial detention since June 2017 without trial. There were no known reports of workers dismissed for removing themselves from hazardous working conditions. )spirits: 0.08 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. According to UNHCRs March report on Sahrawi refugees in Tindouf, the government protected a significant number of refugees in five camps in Tindouf and a smaller urban refugee population, primarily in Algiers. According to the Ministry of Justice, there were six prosecutions of law enforcement officers for torture during the year. After making a determination, the ministry notifies the customs service of the decision to allow or ban the importation of the publication. )beer: 0.31 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. There were no reports that the government granted refugee status and asylum to new refugee applicants during the year. 1956-06-28: The three northern departments of 1955 were restored and given the status of igamies. The law does not explicitly prohibit discrimination with respect to employment based on sexual orientation, HIV-positive status, or religion. Otherwise, the judicial police appoint a doctor. As a result, officials suspended six individuals. The National Association for the Fight Against Corruption noted the existence of an effective anticorruption law but stated that the government lacked the political will to apply the law. The constitution provides for the right of association, but the government restricted this right. )tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Algeria became independent in 1962. ), improved: urban: 99.6% of populationrural: 98.8% of populationtotal: 99.4% of populationunimproved: urban: 0.4% of populationrural: 1.2% of populationtotal: 0.6% of population (2020 est. Over the past three years, the government has enacted incremental increases in some taxes, resulting in modest increases in prices for gasoline, cigarettes, alcohol, and certain imported goods, but it has refrained from reducing subsidies, particularly for education, healthcare, and housing programs. In 2002-02, a constitutional amendment recognized Tamazigh (the written language of the largest Berber group) The clause stipulates that if the victim forgives his or her aggressor, any legal action ceases. )note: data cover central government debt as well as debt issued by subnational entities and intra-governmental debt, -$4.608 billion (2021 est. Under the law, the government may conduct electronic surveillance to prevent terrorist or subversive acts and infractions against state security, pursuant to written authorization from a competent judicial authority. The government occasionally offered to mediate disputes. The average woman's age at first marriage increased from about 19 in the mid-1950s to 24 in the mid-1970s to 30.5 in the late 1990s. ), total: 0.59 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. The government monitored certain email and social media sites. Access to Basic Services: UNHCR provided registered refugees with modest food assistance and lodging support. Many place names were changed. The law prohibits workers under age 19 from working at night. The Ministry of Religious Affairs required that couples present a government-issued marriage certificate before permitting imams to conduct religious marriage ceremonies. It ranks 16th in proven oil reserves. NGOs reported that judges gave harsher sentences to LGBTI persons. The government devoted increasing resources and attention to it. ), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 81.4%male: 87.4%female: 75.3% (2018), total: 31.9%male: 27.8%female: 54% (2021 est. Although the constitution provides for freedom of peaceful assembly and association, the government severely restricted the exercise of these rights. The UN LOCODE page for Algeria lists locations in the country, some of them with their latitudes and longitudes, some with their ISO 3166-2 codes for their subdivisions. )forest: 0.8% (2018 est. ), total petroleum production: 1,414,800 bbl/day (2021 est. )consumption: 85,000 metric tons (2020 est. The Ministry of Culture reviewed the content of films before they could be shown, as well as books before importation. Authorities utilized the ban to prohibit assembly within the city limits. There is no single office charged with this task, but all labor inspectors are responsible for enforcing laws regarding child labor. At the end of March, the distributor received a notification from the Ministry of Communication to stop importingJeune Afriqueand other titles published by Jeune Afrique Media Group (The Africa ReportandLa Revue). In May a court sentenced him to 10 years in prison. The law criminalizes statements denigrating Islam or insulting the Prophet Muhammed or messengers of God. In 2016 police in Setif arrested Slimane Bouhafs, a Christian convert, for posting statements on his Facebook page questioning the morals of the Prophet Muhammed. There were reports that authorities held some detainees without access to their lawyers and reportedly abused them physically and mentally. Since 1975, Algeria also has been the main recipient of Sahrawi refugees from the ongoing conflict in Western Sahara (today part of Morocco). Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy, 2018 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices. The law established a national council to address childrens issues, gives judges authority to remove children from an abusive home, and allows sexually abused children to provide testimony on video rather than in court. A nonresponse after this period of time is considered a rejection. NGOs reported that the government did not enforce payment of fines for failing to abide by the law. The information collected is used to assist the government in developing targeted programs to support and protect women in vulnerable situations, including violence. Boumerds formed from parts of Alger and Tizi Ouzou; El Bayadh split from Sada; El Oued split from Biskra; El Tarf CGATA membership included workers from unions representing government administrators, diplomatic personnel, state electricity and gas employees, university professors, public transport and postal workers, and lawyers. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process, Section 4. UNHCR registered more than 10,000 Syrians, but fewer than 7,000 remained registered with UNHCR as of September. )industry: 39.3% (2017 est. The National Human Rights Committee (CNDH) said the government had dedicated $12 million to ensure the human rights of migrants during repatriation operations (to include accommodation, food, clothing, health care, medicines, and transportation). Christians reside mostly in Algiers and the Provinces of Kabylie, Bejaia, Tizi Ouzou, Annaba, Ouargla, and Oran. LGBTI activists reported that the vague wording of laws criminalizing homosexual acts and acts against nature permitted sweeping accusations that resulted in multiple arrests for consensual same-sex sexual relations, but no known prosecutions during the year. Most detainees had prompt access to a lawyer of their choice as accorded by law, and the government provided legal counsel to indigent detainees. Algeria is divided into 48 wilayat (provinces; sing. 1870-10-24: By decree No. )2.42% (2020 est. In all other criminal cases, pretrial detention may not exceed four months. A January 2017 decree established a commission within the Ministry of Religious Affairs to review imports of the Quran. The government said that it maintained a policy of not removing migrants registered with UNHCR, and that in a few cases it worked with UNHCR to return registered refugees who were mistakenly removed. Police arrested and interrogated some of the demonstrators and released them after about an hour. Although specific data was unavailable, children reportedly worked mostly in the informal sales market, often in family businesses. The courts are empowered to dissolve unions that engage in illegal activities. The Illizi Province is in eastern Algeria and a small portion of western Libya. Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, and other NGOs criticized the governments use of the law to restrict peaceful assembly. )percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 8% (2013 est. The Ministry of Interior is responsible for organizing the election and voting processes. Their names were Alger (English: Algiers), An NGO reported that LGBTI men were targeted more often than are women. The government suspended six of 100 investigated security officers for abuse. The law presumes defendants are innocent and have the right to be present and to consult with an attorney provided at public expense if necessary. El Watanreported that almost 10 percent of ballots cast were invalid. Several candidates withdrew from the race, claiming that the outcome was a foregone conclusion. LGBTI persons faced discrimination in accessing health services. ), total subscriptions: 4,784,306 (2020 est. The law on cybercrime establishes procedures for using electronic data in prosecutions and outlines the responsibilities of Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to cooperate with authorities. Organizations wishing to initiate regular publications must obtain authorization from the government. Access to Asylum: While the law provides generally for asylum or refugee status, the government has not established a formal system through which refugees can request asylum. Also note that diacritical marks may be different, depending on the method of transliteration used. The group was formerly known as Jund al-Khilafah fi Ard al-Jazair. The law prohibits parties based on religion, ethnicity, gender, language, or region, but there were various political parties commonly known to be Islamist, notably members of the Green Alliance. The law provides for criminal penalties of two to 10 years in prison for official corruption, but the government did not fully implement the law. The French southward conquest of the entirety of Algeria proceeded throughout the 19th century and was marked by many atrocities. )investment in inventories: 11.2% (2017 est. The constitution grants the president authority to appoint all prosecutors and judges. The law limits the grounds for pretrial detention and stipulates that before it can be imposed, a judge must assess the gravity of a crime and whether the accused is a threat to society or a flight risk. The Ministry of Interior may deny a license to or dissolve any group regarded as a threat to the governments authority or to public order, and on several occasions failed to grant, in an expeditious fashion, official recognition to NGOs, associations, religious groups, and political parties. 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