What is the current state of plastic pollution in China and how does the country deal with it? Viewers learn that this has to do with her status as a migrant, her familys meagre earnings, and her fathers alcoholism. New York CNN Business . According to the report, his wife was forced to confess that before her marriage, she had spent 60,000 on plastic surgery in South Korea, and looked completely different to how she was born. An old friend of hers, the blind lawyer Chen Guangcheng, knows full well what she and tens of thousands of other women in Linyi city went through. hide caption. The daughter of a young plastic factory worker, Yi Jie, looks over a heap of plastic while cradling her baby sibling. 0000017207 00000 n "If you only work behind the doors with government officials, going to places and reading documents arranged by them, you will be easily fooled," said Zhang, who said his father died in February 2020 after going into a hospital for a . "These effects will be felt in the generation ahead. This is regrettable, for two main reasons. "It has been so many years, and I have let the pain go," the mother of three says, eyes downcast. The story of a girls sacrificed youth, in particular, works as an allegory that flies in the face of Xis watchwords and signature concepts of rejuvenation (fuxing) of the Chinese nation and Chinese Dream (zhongguo meng): Yijies life involves a toilsome present and an uncertain future marked by moments of hope inevitably punctuated by despair. Editor's note: This story contains descriptions that may be disturbing. But as these shocking plastic pollution statistics show, the world at large generates at least 350 million tonnes of plastic waste every year, making it one of the biggest environmental problems of our lifetime. What could the family planning officials have done to her? Based on current rates, the countrys total population could reach up to 1.46 billion by 2028, resulting in even high amounts of waste. Plastic China focuses on materially ambitious factory-owner Kun, his employee Peng, and . A magazine advertisement for the Sandals Resorts looks like paradise; catalogs with computer parts offer up opportunities to build paper versions of electronics she could never afford. But Chinas contribution to the global plastic crisis does not end there. You might also like: Chinas Refusal to Take Back Food Containers Exposes Hong Kongs Broken Plastic Waste Management System. There, he was picked up by supporters and driven to the U.S. Embassy in Beijing. After six months of getting to know two families who worked at one small plant, Wang was allowed intimate access to their lives. While the ban has potentially helped China reduce its domestic plastic pollution, it barely made a dent in reducing global waste and instead, shifted the responsibility to other poorer countries. It is imperative that we completely eliminate unnecessary plastics, and that can only be achieved by radically changing our habits and becoming conscious of the environment with everything we do and everything we buy. Once again, though, Wang has a holistic way of tackling the issue, and his real concern is Chinas changing relationship to the land under capitalisma broad project if there ever was one. 0000003355 00000 n 0000018669 00000 n Municipalities across Canada are struggling under the weight of the rapidly accumulating plastics with no plan in place to deal with them, and it will continue to worsen if we keep living the way we have been. Single-use plastics are also made almost entirely from fossil fuels. In China recycling is done by the trash collectors who specialize in different kinds of refuse rubber, aluminum, tin, plastic, paper and either collect these materials by going house to house or sort through the garbage, selling what they find to traders. Alex Wong/Getty Images Until there is a. Election. hide caption. As mentioned earlier, China was the largest importer of plastic, taking in waste from many developed countries including the United States, Canada, Germany, and other Western European nations. ! Wang recalled. But starting in 2005, the authorities began enforcing the policy with a renewed ferocity in Linyi. Now the world is scrambling to adjust. The legacy of China's one-child rule is still painfully felt by many of those who suffered for having more children. It now collects its community's plastic trash and turns it into fuel. This targeted Boosting helps us to reach wider audiences aiming to convince the unconvinced, to inform the uninformed, to enlighten the dogmatic. by China's decision to focus on domestic recycling in an effort to clean up their own landfills is a slap in the face to our First World consumer culture. In the film, the main character, a bright girl named Peng Yijie, does not attend school, although she is already 11 years old. In 2012, Chen escaped by scaling a wall and running to the next village, despite being blind and having broken his foot during the escape. Image from 'Plastic China' documentary website. Something doesn't add up here. There is something profoundly disturbing in the Wangs purchase of a shiny new sedan car. Acquiring this potent status symbol allows them to have the feelingand give others the impressionthat they have achieved wealth, and moved up the social ladder. But some babies were alive when they were born and began crying. 0000039672 00000 n Thats the main source of outward tension in the film, though the squalor in which they all live is a painful commentary on the costs of rapid growth in such a stratified country. Garbage collectors called rag and bone men ply the alleys of the cities, pedaling . Its a moving film about the individuals left to deal with the First Worlds trash, and while I enjoy documentaries that throw big, scary facts at me, I believe Wang omitted some objective information for a reason. Andy Wong/AP Just like Beijing Besieged by Waste, the movie uncovers a gnarly scene beyond the cosmopolitan city. . In 2020 alone, China produced about 60 million tonnes of plastic waste, yet only 16 million tonnes of which was recycled, according to the China National Resources Recycling Association. hide caption. hide caption. Wangs camera catches heartbreaking images of Jie, the preteen with a collapsing weight of responsibility on her young shoulders. This prompted the Chinese government to introduce a raft of new laws and regulations to limit plastic waste in 2020, and announced a plan for 2021 to 2025 which aims to further improve the management of the entire chain of plastic pollution. At that point, it was already the world's most populous country. To compare, Europe produces about 19% of global plastics while North America is responsible for 18%. It was followed very selectively. Priscilla Presley before and after (Source: Radar Online) Experts reckon that the 77-year-old has likely had cheek and lip fillers, skin resurfacing treatments, and a face-lift. The ban was initiated in January of this year and undoubtedly the shockwaves are being felt in the international community as countries look to Asia for another foreign landfill. China implemented the policy of limiting each family to one child in 1979 to slow the growth of the country's population. 0000439869 00000 n When the ancestral temples were destroyed most families lost the records of their extended family. "People act in funny ways," she says. Much of the Western worlds waste was once bound for China. The insane volume of sorted scraps are pushed through a machine that turns the plastic into a gross, grey sludge before it is transformed into small grey pellets. Some of them were located in rural recycling hubs, but many were not. The British colony simply. Through my interviews with self-made entrepreneurs who live in the countryside or have rural origins, I came to the conclusion that, as a rule, these people did not enjoy any support from state authorities for changing their methods or upgrading their facilities in order to cause less pollution, and better protect workers. "I thought this is it if I do not have this child, my body will not be able to have any more.". All the issues mentioned above are central to Wangs narrative in Plastic China. The global plastic pollution crisis continues to worsen every year. For years, even social scientists have supported a widely held belief that Chinese . Because many prioritized having a son over a daughter, orphanages experienced a surge in baby girls who were abandoned or put up for adoption. You need an active subscription to post a comment. On Jan. 1, China enacted new legislation allowing all married couples to have two children. His mother watches him approvingly. She wants to start preparing for her son's marriage a costly endeavor as rural families expect the husband to provide a material guarantee for any future wife. Despite this, plastic waste continues to soar partly due to the relatively low cost of plastic bags shoppers are therefore not deterred to pay for one and the rapid rise of e-commerce, and delivery services, resulting in mounting plastic packaging. Since taking office as president, Xi Jinping has striven to distinguish his government from the previous one. Either the government is already losing faith in the reality of its implementation, or it needs a bigger budget for advertising. This is obvious in, among others, his choice of topic (Chinas economic growth and opening to the world as experienced by the countrys underclass), his relationships with subjects (long-term involvement, much like that of an anthropologist), and his cinematographic style (observational realism involving on-the-spot and spontaneous shooting, a director who stands behind the camera, and the absence of voiceover). They dont know how the United States really is, because all they have received is information from Chinese TV, which is made by the Ministry of Media, Wang said. There are over 5,000 little unregulated recycling plants in the town alone, giving Wang plenty of subject options. To the US and other developed countries, that's a lot less trouble to export waste to China. 0000010492 00000 n One night, family planning officials approached her husband, intending to pressure him and his wife into ending the pregnancy. In connection with this, the film represents a reflection on the legal status and living conditions of Chinas floating population (liudong renkou). hb```"qVta1 FsD What is certain is that the film can serve as a justification for the outright ban on waste importsirrespective of whether Wang ever regarded a ban as the proper solution to the problems he documented in his film. "There is no point in controlling them. Immediately afterwards, he embarked on a new project. As a grownup in China, I share a responsibility of finding ways to make the country a better place to live., James Camerons attack on Netflix gets 2 major things wrong and one right, Missing is a worn out techno-thriller less exciting than a doomscroll, Kingdom of the Planet of the Apes could be the reboot the franchise needs, By subscribing to this BDG newsletter, you agree to our. :v9s];"vE\ j{G=vs=_qq/w?/uynBRBViW)42xP.itM"2HX SJXr/^$,^J_gHIum1$OL@*R*06T4W*[>ypNA-y6J]yPW6VV In China, plastic pollution is starkly evident . In the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic, plastic consumption has soared, adding an extra 25,900 tonnes of plastics in the ocean thats equivalent to more than 2,000 double decker buses. During the reform era, this has prevented them from enjoying key rights and public services in their place of residence. At some point, Wang Kun pushes for Yijie to attend a local kindergarten, even offering to cover the costs, yet Yijies father, Peng Wenyuan, refuses, preferring that she continue to sort plastics, do household chores, and take care of her younger siblings. The rationale for implementing the policy was to reduce the growth rate of China's enormous population. By the container load, the cast-off plastic comes from Korea, Europe and the US. It has been ten months since China closed its doors to the world's recycling waste. I wanted to find out the origin of the garbage and realized that they were importing waste from the west and other developed countries, even in Asia, like Japan and Korea.. And in May, after a new census showed the birth rate had slowed, China raised the cap to three children. Global mismanaged waste in total. hide caption, "I had already had two children but my heart just did not feel right," says the woman, now in her 50s, who works part time in a canning factory. Beijing seems to be neither "biding its time" nor rising peacefully. "If you carry it with you all the time, it gets too tiring.". Families were already having fewer children in the 1970s, before the policy took force in 1979. I saw the manager pointing to some of the garbage that was being sent out and saying, Those are going to China, and I said, what? Climate. The terror of such enforcement of birth limits was widespread in Linyi, even if residents were not themselves planning on giving birth. "I really feel happy. While more time is needed to analyse the bans impacts domestically, it has had rippling effects across global plastic pollution and management. China has imported 45 percent of the world's plastic refuse since 1992, allowing many other countries, including the United States, to dodge the question of how to process the unwanted material, a . The film also alerted people in China to the dangers of haphazard waste management, and drew attention to the sheer mass of waste generated by a city the size of Beijing. the mother laughs helplessly. Andy Wong/AP The news hit hard in the United States, which is home to about 60,000 children adopted from China, mostly girls. His descendants inherited his d. 2a cmAAASDMn,!T+FrHV`)sbg:\8B@}Np(D3uOGh1.\8}) n"%UtZ-)9Kn>{b^xFrn{g(dX J1( O. "All we can do is go on living," she says. Eight to 14 million tons of plastic waste ends up in oceans every single year, causing great harm to marine life, from accidental ingestion and entanglement, to increasing the risk of invasive species, which can throw entire ecosystems off balance. China is also by far the. The picture of Chinas gender regime that emerges from Plastic China is one of entrenched patriarchy, at least in the countryside, where boys are still valued more than girls (zhongnan qingn). Then in 2016, the state allowed two children. Even if I had to go to prison and endure beatings, in the end, these children were able to survive. Her worries these days are more mundane. In other words, though it looks good exteriorly, it has a lot of interior problems (Kanthor 2017). Some scenes in the film take place in a dumpsite, where waste is burned in the open, or next to a river, where it accumulates. In the absence of any recognisably subversive content, I would argue that it was the image of China conveyed by Wangs bleak and shocking depiction of the countrys recycling sector that struck a nerve. Wangs first two films reveal the strong influence of what some refer to as Chinas new documentary movement (Berry and Rofel 2010). The Qing . Even before China's ban, only 9 percent of discarded plastic was being recycled, while 12 percent was burned. The limit in most cases was just one child. , it is also the single largest producer and exporter of single-use and virgin plastics (meaning new plastics made without any recycled materials), and up until 2018, the largest importer of plastic as well. $2599 ($0.87/Count) Save more with Subscribe & Save. Answer (1 of 7): Hi, from the grandchild of 3 families that would probably be considered bourgeois before 49 Family 1: Paternal Grandfather family, granted this was a quirky case as he was the son of a landlord (the most dominant family in that village for sure. In China, the film went viral in January 2017 before quickly disappearing from the Internetthereby following a pattern that affects most of Wangs work (Zhao 2017). It has been slow to completely dismantle its massive family planning bureaucracy built up over the past four decades. It is against this backdrop that Plastic China came out in 2016. Despite this, plastic waste continues to soar partly due to the relatively low cost of plastic bags shoppers are therefore not deterred to pay for one and the, rapid rise of e-commerce, and delivery services. He and his wife persevered and had three sons. However, implementation of this reform only begun several years into the shooting of Plastic China (which lasted from 2011 to 2016), and remains patchy to this day. CNN . In 2017, China collected 215 million tonnes of urban household waste, according to the country's statistical yearbook. This alters the one-child policy that was introduced in 1978 to control the . Instead of numbing us with facts like how China has contaminated over 80 per cent of its fresh water through landfills and processing, he gets us to feel bad for Kun, Peng and their kids; if we identified with their plight, perhaps we wouldnt want to send so much trash for them to sort through. 0000021210 00000 n one of the fairly recent ancesto. No full, official . Not only does the country consume at least one fifth of the worlds plastics, it is also the single largest producer and exporter of single-use and virgin plastics (meaning new plastics made without any recycled materials), and up until 2018, the largest importer of plastic as well. If anything, there is considerable overlap between Wangs film and the foreign waste rhetoric that accompanies state authorities action in the field of transboundary movements of waste since the early 2010s, and predates the ban announced in July 2017. In another one, he explained, in reference to the films title that: The [word] plastic here has two meanings: first it refers to the plastic waste, but at a deeper level it refers to the weakness beneath our surface prosperity;the way plastic surgery only improves appearance, not the reality. Chen, the lawyer, mounted a class action lawsuit on behalf of Linyi's women. But Peng has no money, and anyway, Yi-Jie has to take care of her younger siblings and contribute to the recycling work. Parents were not penalized for having twins, at least not according to the letter of the law. He rose to prominence a few years ago thanks to his first film, Beijing Besieged by Waste (laji weicheng, 2012), which revealed the existence of a great number of unauthorised and unmonitored dumpsites around Beijing. Plastic China focuses on materially ambitious factory-owner Kun, his employee Peng, and their families. When probed about why he doesnt send his kids to school, his reply is that he prefers to spend money on drinking, musing that his children can attend school for free whenever they return to his home village. Following the accepted narrative about China, its citizens might be expected to worship sons and disdain daughters. When his wife became pregnant again, he hoped for a son,. "There was also rapid urbanization, economic growth, industrialization, female emancipation and more female labor force participation. Along the belt, human workers pick and channel what is valuable (bottles, cardboard, aluminium cans) into sorting chutes. This is on top of the fact that Chinas population is growing by 0.5% on average annually. She wanted to avoid the "family planning officials" in her home village, just outside Linyi, a city of 11 million in China's northern Shandong province, where the policy's enforcement was especially violent. Lu says the harassment became so savage that elderly residents of Linyi became afraid to leave their homes out of fear they might be kidnapped. But the country is not ignorant of its environmental impacts, and has moved to take more aggressive strides to combat this exponentially growing problem. The rest was buried in landfills or simply dumped and left to wash into rivers and . Its massive local plastic production further contributes to Chinas lion share of global greenhouse emissions mainly from coal production. hide caption. But Kunwho is Han, from Shandong province, and can read and writerefuses, telling Wenyuan that he can always leave if he is not satisfied. His focus on the daily life of two families in a shared domestic space, where exploitation unfolds in an intimate setting, allows him to give an otherwise commonplace phenomenon a particularly raw and emotional dimension. to reduce and reuse their own plastic waste. But even there Johnson found numerous stories of families going to great lengths . , where in 2019, it reportedly churned out about 5.3 million tonnes of plastics. 0000009053 00000 n Director Jiu-liang Wang is one of the few documentary filmmakers in China to have taken on the government and won. Another factor that justifies adopting a broad interpretation of Plastic China is the wide range of social issues addressed by Wang. 0000024672 00000 n Han Dynasty Emperor Xian of Han, the last emperor of Han dynasty died as a duke. Years of rapid growth have made China appear prosperous, but pollution is having a huge impact on health while Chinas growth appears incredible, it is actually cheap and fragile. Many low-quality and contaminated materials are being redirected elsewhere including Africa and other Southeast Asian countries such as Vietnam and Malaysia, which had arguably less capacity to prevent waste from contaminating their local environments. Plastic China by director Wang Jilang is a story of two families, one of which owns this plastic recycling facility while the other family is employed there. The main character is the employee's daughter, who never gets sent to school because she is helping her parents watch her younger siblings and sort through mountains of shredded plastic. The film also resonated with the study of Chinas so-called informal recycling world that I conducted in the mid-2010s (Schulz 2018). The whenever is ambiguous, as his 11-year-old daughter Yi Jie tells the camera that hes been promising to send her to school since she was five. So the mother went into hiding to carry her son to term. Initially Feng. Her son is part of the last generation of children in China whose births were ruled illegal at the time. Dr. Steven Svehlak and Beverly Hills plastic surgeon Dr. Payman Simoni agree. It forces us to re-examine our waste habits and confront the reality that every time we throw out our beloved Tim Hortons coffee cups, we are poisoning our environment at an alarming rate. On average, only about. Several experts I engaged with in recent months put forward the idea that the film prompted officials in Beijing to take this kind of action, or at least influenced them significantly (see also L 2018). Posted in Article, Work of Arts. Made in China publications are open access and always available as a free download. August 4, 2020 1:46pm. 0000001204 00000 n of plastic inputs in oceans while putting China at 7%. For decades, China has relied on superficial policies targeting plastic to reduce waste in the country. Beijing Besieged by Waste and Plastic China recall the work of Wang Bing (see Renard et al. The new documentary 'Plastic China' plunges into the dirty side of recycling. !(^^\(c-RUFkEE A Chinese family has been forced to give up their pet dog after realizing they had actually adopted a black bear. "Despite all the overwhelming demographic evidence, they're saying, 'We need to control you,'" says the author, Fong. Its river basin comprises one-fifth of the countrys land area, and supports and houses nearly one-third of the population. Inside, a middle-school student completes his homework. On July 16 that year, as Beijing was gearing up to hold the Summer Olympics, Zhang flagged the sudden increase of infant cases to his hospital's dean, who then reported them to the local health. Her dreams are daydreams, a way for her to escape the harsh reality she experiences on a daily basis. Since 2014, Chinas household registration system (hukou) is being eased with a view to, among other things, give migrants better access to healthcare and education. Image by: Our World in Data. {&L Q4t)o('aJ. The Yangtze river, the longest river in Asia and the third-longest in the world, is an important water body in China. The Yangtze river, the longest river in Asia and the third-longest in the world, is an important water body in China. Yvan Schulz obtained his PhD from the Anthropology Institute, University of Neuchtel in February 2018. Today's top India news headlines, news on Indian politics, elections, government, business, technology, and Bollywood. How China's plastic waste ban forced a global recycling reckoning. China Says It Will Allow Couples to Have 3 Children, Up From 2 The move is the Communist Party's latest attempt to reverse declining birthrates and avert a population crisis, but experts say it. An important implication is that improving the lives of the people who live in rural recycling hubs and engage in waste sorting and processing requires more than putting an end to waste importsespecially if imports are substituted with domestic waste, of which there is no shortage in China. The countrys populist leader, Premier Wen Jiabao, had the illegal ring of refuse sites investigated and then cleaned up, which was at once a major victory and just the beginning of Wangs dive into the dirty downside to Chinas capitalist surge. hide caption. What happened to the little girl in plastic China? The low grade plastics normally sent to China consisted of plastic bags, food labels, coffee cups and more- all products that are normally used once before being tossed away. Married couples in China in 2016, were allowed to have two children, after concerns over an aging population and shrinking workforce ushered in an end to the country's controversial one-child policy. "Women have it all figured out now they won't have more kids even when they're told to have more!" State media celebrated the news. It was vicious," he says. The state-owned company was recently named the third-largest single-use plastic waste producer in the world, where in 2019, it reportedly churned out about 5.3 million tonnes of plastics. With almost a spooky resemblance to Wildenstein, the Bogdanoff brothers - like her - are still injecting and filling into their seventies. She is especially protective of him. The question remains, however, whether this was worth the enormous sacrifice in financial security, and viewers are left wondering what will happen to the family if Wang Kun is diagnosed with a serious illness. The policy permeates through Chinese society in other, sometimes unexpected ways. B!$H BBAZ[:]nu+n:utvw=vvw9}#AaH"\mAnirF~'U44`~4w~gqci)kJ 0000001315 00000 n There are clear signs that this space is shrinking nowadays, yet this does not stop many independent filmmakers from pursuing their mission (Berry 2017). To subscribe to email alerts for each issue of the Journal, newly published books, and information about upcoming events, please provide your contact information below. It is therefore not surprising that Plastic China is generally invoked, both within and outside of China, in connection with the global capitalist system that, for many years at least, allowed relatively rich countries to pass the burden of pollution on to China. Growth, industrialization, female emancipation and more female labor force participation reality what happened to the families in plastic china experiences on a daily basis is. Rural recycling hubs, but many were not themselves planning on giving birth other, sometimes unexpected ways were themselves! While cradling her baby sibling study of Chinas so-called informal recycling world I... Plastic pollution crisis continues to worsen every year putting China at 7 % along the belt, workers. 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